The Art & Secrets of Companion Planting: Vegetables
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VEGETABLE
COMPANIONS
ANTAGONISTS
NOTES
ASPARAGUS
Asparagus officinalis
COMPANIONS
Basil, carrots, corriander, dill, marigold, parsley, tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Garlic, potato, and onion.
NOTES
Avoid alliums like garlic and onions becuase they can stunt asparagus’ growth.
BEANS
Phaseoulus vulgaris
COMPANIONS
Broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauiflower, celery, chard, corn, eggplant, garlic, horseradish, kale, peas, potato, radish, and strawberries.
ANTAGONISTS
Pole beans, chives, fennel, garlic, leek, onion, shallots, and sunflowers.
NOTES
n/a
BEETS
Beta vulgaris
COMPANIONS
Broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauiflower, chives, garlic, kohlrabi, leeks, lettuce, onion, radish, and spinach.
ANTAGONISTS
Pole beans, runner beans and tomatoes.
NOTES
Beets are good for adding minerals to the soil through composting leaves which have up to 25% magnesium. Runner/pole beans and beets stunt each other’s growth.
BROCCOLI
Brassica oleracea
COMPANIONS
Basil, beets, carrots, celery, chamomile, chard, cucumber, dill, garlic, lettuce, marigold, mint, nasturtium, onion, radish, rosemary, sage, spinach, and thyme.
ANTAGONISTS
Asparagus, pole beans, mustard, peppers, pumpkin, sweet corn, cantaloupe, strawberry, and watermelon.
NOTES
n/a
BRUSSEL SPROUTS
Brassica oleracea
COMPANIONS
Basil, beets, carrots, dill, garlic, marigold, mint, nasturtium, onion, and thyme.
ANTAGONISTS
Strawberries and tomatoes.
NOTES
Strawberries impede eachothers growth and tomatoes, and other nightshades, like eggplant, compete for nutrients.
BUSH BEANS
Phaseolus vulgaris
COMPANIONS
Brassicas, carrots, celery, chard, corn, cucumber, eggplant, peas, potatoes, radish, and strawberries.
ANTAGONISTS
Chives, garlic, leeks, and onions.
NOTES
n/a
CABBAGE
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
COMPANIONS
Beetroot, celery, coriander, dill, chamomile, hyssop, lavender, onion, oregano, lettuce, marigolds, mint, onion, nasturtium, oregano, peas, potatoes, rosemary, sage, spearmint, tansy, thyme.
ANTAGONISTS
Eggplant, garlic, mustard, peppers, rue, tomatoes, and strawberries.
NOTES
Nasturtiums repel cabbage moths.
CARROT
Daucus carota
COMPANIONS
Beans, brassicas, bush beans, chives, garlic, leeks, lettuce, onions, parsley, peas, peppers, pole beans, radish, rosemary, sage, and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Coriander, dill, parsnips, and potatoes.
NOTES
Beans provide the nitrogen carrots need. Alliums inter-planted with carrots confuse onion and carrot flies.
CAULIFLOWER
Brassica oleracea
COMPANIONS
Beans, beets, broccoli, brussels sprouts, chard, celery, corn, cucumber, chamomile, oregeno, radish and sage, spinach and sunflower.
ANTAGONISTS
Peas, rue, strawberries, and tomatoes.
NOTES
Peas stunt cauliflower’s growth and stawberries attact slugs.
CELERY
Apium graveolens
COMPANIONS
Bush beans, cosmos, cucumber, daisies, lavender, leeks, onions, marigolds, marjoram, members of the cabbage family, nasturtium, snapdragons, spinach, and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Asters, carrots, corn, parsley, parsnips, potato, and turnips.
NOTES
Aster flowers can transmit the aster yellows disease. Avoid planting celery with parsley, parsnips, turnips, and carrots because these plants fight vigorously for the same nutrients and moisture.
CHARD
Beta vulgarisssp. cicla
COMPANIONS
Beans, members of the cabbage family, mint, and onions.
ANTAGONISTS
Corn, cucumbers, herbs (exception of mint), melons, and potatoes. These would be competing for the same nutrients.
NOTES
n/a
CORN
Zea mays
COMPANIONS
Basil, beets, cucumber, dill, melons, nasturtiums, parsley, peas, pole beans, potato, pumpkin, radish, soy beans, squash, sunflowers, white clover, and zucchini.
ANTAGONISTS
Celery and tomatoes.
NOTES
n/a
CUCUMBER
Cucumis sativus
COMPANIONS
Asparagus, beans, brassicas, celery, corn (acts as a trellis), dill, kohlrabi, lettuce, marigolds, nasturtium, onion, peas, radish, sunflowers (acts as a trellis), and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Potatoes, sage, tomatoes, and most strong smelling herbs.
NOTES
Sow 2 or 3 radish seeds in with cucumbers to repel cucumber beetles.
EGGPLANT
Solanum melongena
COMPANIONS
Beans, marigolds, marjoram, peas, peppers, potatoes, spinach, and thyme.
ANTAGONISTS
Fennel.
NOTES
Fennel inhibits growth. Marigolds will deter nematodes.
GARLIC
Allium sativum
COMPANIONS
Beets, carrots, chamomile, eggplant, geraniums, marigolds, memebers of the cabbage family, nasturtium, potaoes, radish, roses, ruse, spinach, tomatoes, yarrow, and zucchini.
ANTAGONISTS
Asparagus, beans, parsley, peas, and sage.
NOTES
Garlic will stunt the growth of asparagus, peas, beans, sage, and parsley.
HORSERADISH
Armoracia rusticana
COMPANIONS
Asparagus, rhubarb, strawberries, sweet potatoes..
ANTAGONISTS
Beans and water/leafy vegetables.
NOTES
n/a
KALE
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
COMPANIONS
Beans, beets, celery, chard (not Swiss chard), cucumbers, herbs, onions, spinach, and potatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Members of the cabbage family (fall prey to the same pests and diseases), strawberries, and tomatoes.
NOTES
n/a
KOHLRABI
Brassica oleracea v. gongylodes
COMPANIONS
Beets, brassicas, cucumbers, lettuce, nasturtium, onion, and thyme.
ANTAGONISTS
Peppers, pole beans, strawberries, and tomatoes.
NOTES
n/a
LEEKS
Allium ampeloprasumv. porrum
COMPANIONS
Beets, carrot, celery, lettuce, onions, and spinach.
ANTAGONISTS
Beans and peas.
NOTES
Alliums in leeks stunt the growth of beans and peas.
LETTUCE
Lactuca sativa
COMPANIONS
Beetroot, carrot, cucumber, marigolds, onion, radish, and strawberries.
ANTAGONISTS
Parsley and certain members of the cabbage family.
NOTES
Parsley (can cause lettuce to bolt too early) and certain members of the cabbage family have particular root secretions that can prevent lettuce seeds from germinating.
OKRA
Abelmoschus esculentus
COMPANIONS
Cucumbers, eggplant, lettuce, melons, peas, sweet or hot peppers, and tomatoes. (great with plants that need lots of water)
ANTAGONISTS
n/a
NOTES
Skip at least a year before planting in soil where vine crops (except for melons) have been grown.
ONION
Allium cepa
COMPANIONS
Beetroot, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, chamomile, dill, lettuce, marjoram, marigolds, parsnips, onion, radish, rosemary, savory, strawberries, and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Asparagus, beans, and peas.
NOTES
n/a
PARSNIP
Pastinaca sativa
COMPANIONS
Cabbage, cauliflower, fruit trees, and zucchini.
ANTAGONISTS
Carrots and celery.
NOTES
The flowers of the parsnip plant left to seed will attract a variety of predatory insects, particularly helpful when left under fruit trees.
PEAS
Pisum sativum
COMPANIONS
Beans, brussel sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, corn, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, parsley, peppers. potatoes, radish, sage, spinach, strawberries, squash and turnips.
ANTAGONISTS
Asparagus, beans, and peas.
NOTES
n/a
PEPPERS
Solanaceae, Capsicum
COMPANIONS
Asparagus, basil, carrots, cucumbers, eggplant, endive, marigold, oregano, parsley, rosemary, squash, Swiss chard, and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Beans, Brassicas, broccoli, fennel, potatoes, and strawberries
NOTES
Pepper plants like high humidity, which can be helped along by planting with dense-leaf or ground-cover companion, like marjoram and basil.
POTATO
Solanum tuberosum
COMPANIONS
Basil, bush beans, celery, corn, garlic, horseradish, lettuce, marigolds, onions, peas, radish, and spinach.
ANTAGONISTS
Asparagus, Brassicas, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, carrots, cucumbers, eggplant, melons, parsnips, peppers, squash, tomatoes, raspberries, rutabaga, strawberries, squash, sunflower, and turnips.
NOTES
Horseradish increases the disease resistance of potatoes, it repels the potato bug. Garlic was shown to be more effective than fungicides on late potato blight. Peas were shown to reduce the density of Colorado potato beetles.
PUMPKIN
Cucurbita pepo
COMPANIONS
Beans, corn, lavender, marigolds, marjoram, melons, nasturtiums, pole beans, squash, and sunflowers.
ANTAGONISTS
Avoid planting root crops, such as beets, onions, and potatoes (could disturb sensitive pumpkin roots when harvested).
NOTES
Radishes can be used as a trap crop against flea beetles. Nasturtiums repel squash bugs.
RADISH
Raphanus sativus
COMPANIONS
Beans, beets, celeriac, chervil, cucumber, lettuce, mint, nasturtiums, parsnip, peas, spinach, squash, and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Agastache and potatoes.
NOTES
Radishes can be used as a trap crop against flea beetles. Radishes grown with lettuce are said to taste better.
RHUBARB
Rheum rhabarbarum
COMPANIONS
Asparagus, garlic, horseradish, onions, and members of the Brassica family like cabbage, kale, broccoli, and turnips, and strawberries.
ANTAGONISTS
Legumes.
NOTES
Legumes may attract the tarnished plant bug.
SPINACH
Spinacia oleracea
COMPANIONS
Brassicas, eggplants, leeks, lettuce, peas, radish, strawberries, and tomotoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Potatoes.
NOTES
n/a
SQUASH
Cucurbita spp.
COMPANIONS
Beans, borage, corn, dill, lettuce, marigolds, melons, nasturtium, peas, radish, strawberries, and sunflowers.
ANTAGONISTS
Brassicas and potatoes.
NOTES
Radishes can be used as a trap crop against flea beetles. Marigolds and nasturtiums repel squash bugs. Marigolds repel cucumber beetles.
SWEET POTATO
Ipomoea batatas
COMPANIONS
Beans, beets, bush beans, dill, oregano, and parsnip.
ANTAGONISTS
Squash (compete for space).
NOTES
n/a
TOMATO
Solanum lycopersicum
COMPANIONS
Asparagus, basil (soulmates), borage, celery, chives, French marigolds, garlic, lettuce, nasturtiums, onions, parsley, spinach, and squash.
ANTAGONISTS
Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, beets, corn, fennel, peas, potatoes, dill, rosemary, and walnut trees.
NOTES
Studies have shown growing tomatoes with Basil around 10 inches apart can increase the yield of tomatoes by about 20%.
TURNIP
Brassica rapa
COMPANIONS
Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, beans, cauliflower, cabbage, celery, garlic, lettuce, onions, Swiss chard, spinach, squash, and tomatoes.
ANTAGONISTS
Potatoes and other root vegetables,
NOTES
Turnips act as a trap crop for broccoli.
ZUCCHINI
Cucurbita pepo
COMPANIONS
Beans, borage, corn, dill, garlic, marigolds, mint, nasturtiums, oregano, peas, radishes, and spinach.
ANTAGONISTS
Potatoes.
NOTES
n/a ☾
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